1. Renal Vein Entrapment Syndrome Symptoms

Anterior nutcracker syndrome is a much more common occurrence and results when the left renal vein is compressed between two arteries: the abdominal aorta and the superior mesenteric artery. The less common of the two is posterior nutcracker syndrome and this form occurs when the left renal vein is compressed between the abdominal aorta and the bones of the spine. Nutcracker syndrome is caused by compression of the left renal vein between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery where it passes in the fork formed at the bifurcation of these arteries. Entrapment of the left renal vein (LRV) between the abdominal aorta and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) causing the classic clinical triad of hematuria, varicocele, and left abdominal or flank pain was first described in 1950. 1 Later, this array of symptoms was termed “the nutcracker syndrome.

Renal Vein Entrapment Syndrome Symptoms

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